1.1		Scope and definitions
1.2		Why 'Modern' Structural Analysis?
1.3		Issues for practice
1.4		Issues for education
1.5		Finite elements
1.6		Accuracy of the information provided in the text
1.7		Website

2.1		Managing the analysis process
	2.1.1		Quality management system
	2.1.2		Use the modelling process
	2.1.3		Competence
2.2		Modelling principles
	2.2.1		Use the simplest practical model
	2.2.2		Estimate results before you analyse
	2.2.3		Increment the complexity
	2.2.4		When you get results assume that they may be errors
	2.2.5		Trouble shooting
	2.2.6		Relationship between the analysis model and the design code of practice
	2.2.7		Case Study - The Ronan Point Collapse
2.3		Principles in the use of structural mechanics
	2.3.1		Local and resultant stresses - the St Venant Principle
	2.3.2		Principle of superposition
	2.3.3		Lower bound theorem in plasticity
2.4		Understanding structural behaviour
	2.4.1		General
	2.4.2		Model Validation
	2.4.3		Results verification/ Checking models
	2.4.4		Sensitivity analysis
	2.4.5		Solution comparisons
	2.4.6		Convergence analysis
	2.4.7		Identify patterns
	2.4.8		Mathematics
	2.4.9		Physical modelling, Testing

3.1		Overview of the process
	3.1.1		General
	3.1.2		Representations of the modelling process
	3.1.3		Validation and verification
	3.1.4		Error and uncertainty
3.2		Defining the system to be modelled
3.3		The model development process
	3.3.1		Conceptual and computational Models
	3.3.2		Model options
3.4		Validation of the analysis model
	3.4.1		Validation process
	3.4.2		Validating the conceptual model
	3.4.3		Validating the computational model
3.5		The solution process
	3.5.1		Selecting Software
	3.5.2		Software Validation and Verification
	3.5.3		Truncation error, ill-conditioning
3.6		Verifying the results
	3.6.1		Acceptance criteria for results
	3.6.2		Verification process
	3.6.3		Checking models
	3.6.4		Checking loadcase
3.7		The Modelling review
	3.7.1		Sensitivity analysis
	3.7.2		Overall acceptance of the results
	3.7.3		The modelling review document
3.8		Case studies
	3.8.1		The Tay Rail Bridge disaster
	3.8.2		The Hartford, Connecticut roof collapse
	3.8.3		Case Study - the Sleipner Platform collapse

4.1		Introduction
4.2		Elements
	4.2.1		Constitutive relationships
	4.2.2		Line elements
	4.2.3		Surface elements
	4.2.4		Volume elements
	4.2.5		Joint elements
	4.2.6		Basic principles for the derivation of finite element stiffness matrices
4.3		Mesh refinement
	4.3.1		Discretisation error
	4.3.2		Convergence
	4.3.3		Singularities
	4.3.4		Benchmark tests
	4.3.5		Case Study - Mesh layouts for a cantilever bracket
	4.3.6		Meshing principles
4.4		Case Study - Convergence analysis of a plane stress cantilever beam model
	4.4.1		General
	4.4.2		The context
	4.4.3		Elements used in the convergence analysis
	4.4.4		Reference solution
	4.4.5		Convergence parameters
	4.4.6		Meshes
	4.4.7		Results
	4.4.8		Overview
4.5		Constraints
	4.5.1		General
	4.5.2		Rigid constraint conditions
	4.5.3		Constraint equations
4.6		Symmetry
	4.6.1		General
	4.6.2		Mirror Symmetry
	4.6.3		Symmetry checking

5.1		General
5.2		Bending
	5.2.1		Background
	5.2.2		Behaviour
	5.2.3		Basic relationships for bending
	5.2.4		Symmetric and asymmetric bending
	5.2.5		Shear in bending
	5.2.6		Combined bending and shear
	5.2.7		Validation information for Engineer's Theory of Bending
5.3		Axial effects
	5.3.1		Behaviour
	5.3.2		Basic relationships
	5.3.3		Validation information
5.4		Torsion
	5.4.1		Behaviour
	5.4.2		Basic relationships for shear torsion
	5.4.3		Basic relationships for bending torsion
	5.4.4		Combined torsion
	5.4.5		Validation information for torsion
5.5		Beam elements and bar elements
	5.5.1		Bar elements
	5.5.2		Engineering beam elements
	5.5.3		Higher order beam elements
5.6		Connections
	5.6.1		Basic connection types
	5.6.2		Treatment of the finite depth of a beam using beam elements
	5.6.3		Modelling beam to column connections in steelwork
	5.6.4		Connections in concrete
	5.6.5		Eccentricity of members at a joint
5.7		Distribution of load in skeletal frames
	5.7.1		Vertical load in beam systems
	5.7.2		Distribution of lateral load
5.8		Modelling curved and non-uniform members
	5.8.1		Curved members
	5.8.2		Case study - Modelling of curved beams
	5.8.3		Modelling members with non-uniform cross section
	5.8.4		Case study - Tapered cantilever
	5.8.5		Cantilever with a tapered soffit
	5.8.6		Haunched beams
5.9		Triangulated frames
	5.9.1		Modelling issues
	5.9.2		Euler buckling effect of members
5.10		Equivalent beam model for parallel chord trusses
	5.10.1		General
	5.10.2		Definitions
	5.10.3		Behaviour
	5.10.4		Equivalent beam model
5.11		Vierendeel frames
	5.11.1		Definitions
	5.11.2		Behaviour
	5.11.3		Equivalent beam model
5.12		Grillage models
5.13		3D Models
5.14		Plastic collapse of frames
	5.14.1		Prediction of collapse loads - limit analysis
	5.14.2		Prediction of plastic collapse using an iterated elastic analysis
	5.14.3		Prediction of plastic collapse using a finite element solution 40
	5.14.4		Validation information

6.1		Introduction
6.2		Plate bending elements
	6.2.1		Plate bending element basics
	6.2.2		Validation information for biaxial plate bending
	6.2.3		Output stresses and moments
	6.2.4		Checking models for plates in bending
6.3		Concrete slabs
	6.3.1		General
	6.3.2		Element models for slab analysis
	6.3.3		Reinforcing moments and forces for concrete slabs
	6.3.4		Beam supported slabs - Basic modelling principles
	6.3.5		Modelling the effect of eccentricity of beams in relation to the slab centreline
	6.3.6		Shear lag effect
	6.3.7		Plate grillage models for concrete slabs
	6.3.8		Ribbed Slabs
	6.3.9		Plastic Collapse of Concrete Slabs - The Yield line method

7.1		Introduction
7.2		Linear elastic behaviour
	7.2.1		General
	7.2.2		Types of elastic behaviour
	7.2.3		Values of elastic constants
	7.2.4		Validation information for linear elastic materials
7.3		Non-linear material behaviour
	7.3.1		Plasticity
	7.3.2		Other non-linear constitutive relationships

8.1		Introduction
8.2		Modelling support fixity
	8.2.1		General
	8.2.2		Support requirements
	8.2.3		Roller supports
	8.2.4		Pin supports
	8.2.5		Rotational restraint at a cantilever support
	8.2.6		Rotational restraints at column bases
	8.2.7		Slab supports
8.3		Modelling the ground
	8.3.1		General
	8.3.2		The Winkler model for soil behaviour
	8.3.3		Half space models
	8.3.4		Finite element models
8.4		Foundation structures
	8.4.1		Ground beams
	8.4.2		Raft foundations
	8.4.3		Piles

9.1		Introduction
9.2		Dead Loading
9.3		Live loading
9.4		Wind loading
9.5		Earthquake loading
9.6		Fire
9.7		Temperature
	9.7.1		General
	9.7.2		Basic relationships
9.8		Influence lines for moving loads
	9.8.1		General
	9.8.2		Basic concept
	9.8.3		Using influence lines
	9.8.4		Defining influence lines
	9.8.5		Validation information for the use of the Mueller-Breslau method for defining influence lines
9.9		Prestressing
9.10		Impact loading
9.11		Gravity impact

10.1		Introduction
	10.1.1		Basic behaviour
	10.1.2		Cantilever strut example - the P-D effect
10.2		Modelling for geometric non-linearity
	10.2.1		Using the non-linear geometry option in FE packages
	10.2.2		Use of the critical load ratio magnification factor
	10.2.3		Case study - Non-linear geometry analysis of a cantilever
	10.2.4		Validation information for non-linear geometry effects
10.3		Critical load analysis of skeletal frames
	10.3.1		The Euler critical load for single members
	10.3.2		No-sway instability of a column in a frame
	10.3.3		The critical load ratio for an axially loaded member of a frame
	10.3.4		Estimation of critical loads using eigenvalue extraction
	10.3.5		Case study - Eigenvalue analysis of a cantilever strut
10.4		Global critical load analysis of building structures

11.1		General
11.2		Dynamic behaviour of a single mass and spring system
	11.2.1		Governing equation
	11.2.2		Validation information for Equation (14.1)
	11.2.3		Free undamped vibration
	11.2.4		Damping
11.3		Multi-degree of freedom systems
	11.3.1		Basic behaviour
	11.3.2		Governing equation for multi-degree of freedom systems
	11.3.3		Modelling for dynamic eigenvalue extraction
	11.3.4		Verification of output for dynamic models
11.4		Resonance
11.5		Transient load
11.6		Checking models for natural frequencies
	11.6.1		Single span beams
	11.6.2		The maximum deflection formula
	11.6.3		Case study - use of Equation (11.11)
	11.6.4		Single mass and spring
	11.6.5		Combinations of Frequencies

12.1		Vierendeel frame
	12.1.1		General
	12.1.2		Definition of the system to be modelled - the engineering model
	12.1.3		Model development
	12.1.4		The Analysis model
	12.1.5		Model validation
	12.1.6		Results verification
	12.1.7		Sensitivity analysis
	12.1.8		Overall acceptance
	12.1.9		Modelling review document
12.2		Example 2 Four storey building
	12.2.1		General
	12.2.2		Definition of the system to be modelled - the Engineering Model
	12.2.3		Model development
	12.2.4		Model validation
	12.2.5		Results Verification
	12.2.6		Sensitivity analysis
	12.2.7		Model Review

Table A1		Areas and second moments of area of standard shapes
Table A2		Shear areas for beams
Table A3		J values and shear stress formulae for shear torsion of different cross sections
Table A4		Deflection formulae for beams
Table A5		End displacement of axially loaded members
Table A6		Typical physical properties for structural materials
Table A7		Typical values of Winkler stiffness for soils
Table A8		Typical values for modulus of elasticity for soils - Es
Table A9		Typical Poisson's ratios for soils